Insulation Coordination and Reliability in Modern Substations: Case Study of AIS and GIS in the Egyptian Grid

Document Type : Original Article

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Electrical and Computers Engineering Department, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Minya, Egypt

10.21608/ijaiet.2025.426139.1017

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study among Air Insulated Substations (AIS) and Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) with a detailed focus on insulation coordination requirements. MATLAB-based simulations are used to assist the study's thorough examination of insulating characteristics, ionization and attachment coefficients, and surge impedance. In terms of dielectric strength, dependability, and spatial efficiency, the results show that GIS technology performs noticeably better than traditional AIS while also distinctly defining the crucial electric field thresholds at which breakdown takes place. To put the theoretical discussion into context, a case study of the Magusa power substation in Minya Governorate, Egypt, is presented in this work to illustrate the realistic transition from the old 132/33 kV AIS system to a modern 220/66/11 kV GIS system. According to the study, GIS technology supports Egypt's national grid development ambitions by enhancing insulation reliability; environmental resilience, operational stability, and guiding technology selection in future network expansions.

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